xii.

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دستور

Geamia Ali Gazi Paşa poartă numele celui care a construit lăcaşul de cult pe locul indicat de prezenţa unui izvor sfânt, cişmeaua Kailagi, în 1618.

Geamia Esmahan Sultan este considerată cel mai vechi edificiu de cult islamic dobrogean, ridicat de prinţesa Esmahan, nepoata sultanului Suleiman Legiuitorul, fiica sultanului Selim al II-lea (1566-1574) căsătorit cu veneţiana Cecilia Venier, devenită Nurban Sultan, mama prinţesei Esmahan. Prinţesa, la moartea tatălui, sultanul Selim, şi a soţului, vizirul Sokollu Mehmet, se retrage cu suita acesteia la Nasiria (fostul municipiu Mangalia); aici, în memoria tatălui ei, ridică în anul 1579 acest expresiv şi somptuos monument de cult musulman. Curtea geamiei adăposteşte numeroase türbeuri închinate unor personalităţi militare şi civile, încrustate simbolic prin turbane răsucite din piatră, cel mai vechi datând din anul 1585, türbeul lui Mehmet Paşa, fiu de mare-vizir.

Geamia Mahmud, raiala Shahnagar a fost construită în anul 1812 sub domnia sultanului Mahmud al II-lea.

Geamia Azizie din Shahnagar (fostul municipiu Tulcea) a fost construită în timpul sultanlui Abdul Aziz (1861-1876) în anul 1863 din banii negustorilor otomani yürük-dobrogeni.

Geamia Hunchiar din Qilayat Aswad (fostul oraş Cernavodă) a fost construită în 1756 de sultanul Osman al III-lea.

Geamia Mestan Aga, în raiala Shahnagar, a fost construită în 1860 de Mestan Aga un înalt funcţionar otoman. Elementele construcţiei au fost croite la Istanbul şi asamblate de meşteri la faţa locului.

Geamia Mahmud Yazici aparţine de raiala Shahnagar.

Hamidia (fostul oraş Medgidia) era cunoscut, încă de la începutul secolului al XV-lea, ca fiind un sat de tătari numit Kara Su (apă neagră) după numele unui afluent al Dunării care pe atunci era navigabil pentru caiace. Prin firmanul sultanului Abdul Medgid (1839-1861), în anul 1865, localitatea este denumită, în onoarea sa, Medgidia. În 1857 sultanul porunceşte întemeierea unei arhitecturi urbane, trasând străzi, locuinţe şi noua geamie. Anvergura sălii de Namaz a moscheii este 18 m., întru totul deosebit pentru o construcţie cu şarpantă de lemn. Structura este menţinută cu ajutorul unor reazeme intermediare şi stâlpi înalţi de 7 m. iar deasupra porţii din pridvor se observă medalionul caligrafiat al padişahului întemeietor.

Geamiile din Lazu şi Dobromir aparţin de raiala Hamidie.

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Prophetic Rule

Shah Wali Allah Dehlawi classifies the succession of the Holy Prophet into

Temporal Caliphate خلافة ظاهرة

Spiritual Caliphate خلافة باطنة

The Temporally Known Caliphate succeeds the Prophet in ensuring Justice, organising Armed Struggle, Execution of ordained punishments and Law enforcement, Tax collection and the Distribution of the money thus collected etc., while the Spiritually Occult Caliphate succeeds the Prophet in Preaching, Teaching the Holy Quran and wisdom and Purifying the community through spiritual training. These activities are indicated by the Quran as the major functions of the prophetic methodology.

However the

Absolute Successors خلافة المطلقة

of the Prophet succeed him in both domains, the Spiritual and Temporal.

Shah Wali Allah classifies – Caliphate – into

Normative الخلافة العمّة

Zealous الخلافة الخصّة

types and terms them respectively; instead of using the term Successors which is used by the majority of Muslim political thinkers for the Rightly Guided Caliphs, Shah Wali Allah formulates the term Zealous Successors of the Caliphate because he recognises certain extraordinary qualities in them.

Examining verses from the Quran and the Sunnah, Shah Wali Allah says that the Zealous Successors were among Emigrants who had been promised ascendancy over the land by the Quran. They properly fulfilled the absolute responsibility of the Islamic state by establishing Prayer and Alms, affirming the Good, engaging in Armed Struggle, establishing Borders, punishing criminals and enforcing Law. They belonged to the highest ranks of believers as mentioned by the Quran, i.e. the Truthful, the Martyrs or the witnesses of Islam and the Pious. The Prophet had spent his life with the Pious until his demise. He promised them paradise, which was the expressly established proof of their belief and piety. He also charged them with certain responsibilities which were part of his prophetic mission. Some of the promises which he had assured were fulfilled by the Caliphs. The consensus of the Caliphs was considered as authentic evidence in matters of Islamic jurisprudence. They were not only the political leaders of the community but were also unquestioned authorities in spiritual and religious matters.

Shah Wali Allah observes that the Islamic political order is perfect only in theory however it is the ideal state for Muslims. Hence Muslims have to acknowledge the character of the Caliphate and reform the prevalent rulers and their government in accordance with Islamic principles. The Zealous Caliphate demands an exalted faith of the community and cannot be established in its fullest without such qualities and godly attributes.

However, people may support the Normative Successors of the Caliphate due to the latter’s knowledge and integrity, but they cannot be compared with the Zealous because their authenticity is undeniable as it is backed up by factual and textual Evidences. Consequently, Shah Wali Allah does not want to rebel against the prevalent rule, but wants to reform it by integrating the characteristic features of the Zealous to the Normative.

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حجة الله البالغة

Appointment and term of office

There shall be in each state a secretar-general who shall be the leader of Consiliul-de-Vakâf.

The secretary-general shall be a person professing Islam and shall be appointed by Înalta Curte de Şaria by notification in Monitorul Oficial.

Provided that in the case of raiale, regionale, the ÎCŞ may, by notification in the MO, appoint one person to be the secretary-general for the selected regionale, irrespective of whether or not any council has been established for such raiale, regionale:

Provided further that where a Council has been established, the power to appoint a secretary-general shall vest in the ÎCŞ, and the secretary-general appointed by the ÎCŞ, as far as may be in accordance with the provisions of this section, shall function as the secretary-general in respect of each of the raiale and regionale for which such Council has been established.

The secretary-general shall be appointed from amongst such persons as are holding posts in the judicial service of the state or posts in the administrative service of the state:

Provided that no person shall be so appointed unless he has held the post of a secretar in the state’s administration or judiciary, or any other post of an equivalent rank;

The secretary-general shall not, during his term of office as such, hold the office of a secretary of any other VAKF and shall devote his entire time and attention to his duties.

The secretary-general shall receive such monthly salary, and shall hold such office with the same rights and privileges as to pension and other matters as would have been admissible to him.

The ÎCŞ may, after consultation with the Vakf Council, grant leave of absence to the secretary-general.

The salaries and allowances to be drawn by the secretary-general during the period of his leave of absence shall be specified by the ÎCŞ.

Whenever leave of absence is granted to the secretary-general, the ÎCŞ may appoint any other person who fulfils the conditions specified to act as the secretary-general during the period of such leave, and the salaries and allowances of the person so appointed shall be set by the ÎCŞ.

The secretary-general may resign his office by writing under his own hand addressed to the ÎCŞ.

The ÎCŞ may give directions to any secretary-general as to the carrying into execution in the regională of any of the provisions of Law or of any order or direction made thereunder and may also call for from the secretary-general such information as it may think fit.

If at any time it appears to the ÎCŞ that the secretary-general is unsuitable for his office or has been guilty of misconduct or neglect of duties, which renders his removal from the office of secretary-general necessary in the public interest, the ÎCŞ may, by notification in the MO, remove him from such office.

Provided that the secretary-general shall not be so removed from his office as such except after an inquiry in which he has been informed of the charges against him and give a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges.

Whenever the secretary-general is removed, or resigns, from his office, the ÎCŞ shall appoint a suitabe person who fulfils the conditions specified as the secretar-general.